Minor illnesses are often part of everyday family life - a cold here, a little fever there. But not every childhood illness is harmless, especially not for certain risk groups such as pregnant women.
One such disease is ringworm infection, caused by parvovirus B19. Many people know the name, but few are aware of the actual danger that this infectious disease can pose, especially in sensitive phases of life such as pregnancy.
You will learn everything you need to know about infection, risks, medical measures such as blood tests and ultrasounds, and receive specific tips for everyday life, especially when it comes to hygiene and household chores.
What is ringworm? - An underestimated childhood disease with a risk for pregnant women
Ringworm is a contagious childhood disease caused by the parvovirus B19. The name "ringworm" comes from the typical ring-shaped rash that appears on children's faces, especially on the cheeks, which then appear red and swollen.
The disease is often confused with rubella, although it is caused by a different pathogen. The B19 virus attacks the precursor cells of red blood cells and can be particularly dangerous for unborn children.
Transmission routes and risk of infection: How parvovirus B19 is passed on
Infection with parvovirus B19 usually occurs through droplet infection, for example by coughing, sneezing or speaking. Cases of rubella are particularly common in communal facilities such as nurseries or schools. The virus is very contagious and is usually transmitted before symptoms such as a rash or fever appear. It is therefore difficult to consciously avoid infection through hygiene.
However, hygiene, such as regular hand washing or disinfecting surfaces, can reduce the risk. Especially pregnant women in particular should protect themselves in the event of known ringworm outbreaks.
Risk groups: Who is particularly affected - children, pregnant women, adolescents, adults
Particularly common are children between the ages of 5 and 15 are particularly affected. But also adolescents and adults who have not yet had the infection can also be infected. For pregnant women the disease is particularly critical, as an infection with parvovirus B19 can have serious consequences for the unborn child.
People with a weakened immune system or certain blood diseases are also at risk, as the virus inhibits the production of red blood cells and can lead to anemia.
Course of the disease and typical symptoms of ringworm infection
Ringworm infection usually begins with non-specific symptoms such as headaches, mild fever or tiredness. The infection often remains asymptomatic. The typical skin rash develops a few days later:
- Cheeks are bright red, almost "slapped"
- Later spread to arms, legs, trunk with garland-shaped rash
- Sometimes itching, especially in adolescents and adults
The rash of parvovirus B19 infection can change over the course of the infection and disappear and reappear over a period of days, especially when exposed to sunlight or stress.
Rubella during pregnancy: risks and important information
A ringworm infection during pregnancy can have serious consequences. Particularly in the first and second trimester, the viral disease can endanger the unborn child. The greatest risks are:
- Miscarriage, especially in the case of infections before the 20th week of pregnancy
- Anemia in the fetus
- Hydrops fetalis (water retention)
- Later complications at birth
If pregnant women have had contact with infected persons, a blood test for antibodies against parvovirus B19 should be carried out immediately. If the test is positive, the doctor or obstetrician will carry out close ultrasound checks.
Differences to other childhood diseases: How rubella differs from measles, chickenpox and rubella
Typical childhood diseases such as measles, chickenpox or classic rubella have similar signs and symptoms, with skin rashes being particularly common in all of them. But there are differences:
| Illness | Rash | Accompanying symptoms | Danger for pregnant women |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rubella | Garland-shaped, cheeks, arms | Fever, headache | Yes (Parvovirus B19) |
| Measles | Coarse spotting, starting behind ears | High fever, cough | Yes |
| Chickenpox | Blisters, severe itching | Fever, malaise | Yes |
| Rubella | Fine spotting, face and body | Lymph node swelling | Yes |
An exact diagnosis can only be made by means of a blood test, which is particularly essential during pregnancy.
Progression, complications and possible consequences of the disease
While the course of the disease is mild in most children, serious complications can occur in individual cases:
- Anemia (especially in chronic cases)
- Joint pain (common in adults, especially women)
- Recurrent rash
- Risk to the unborn child due to intrauterine infection
In severe cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary for the fetus. Early diagnosis and observation by a doctor is therefore particularly important.
Tips for everyday life and hygiene in the household when there is a risk of infection
Especially in the family environment, when children are affected, proper hygiene is crucial.
- Wash hands regularly (especially after using tissues, toilet)
- Use towels, cutlery and toys separately
- Using disinfectants in the kitchen and bathroom
- Avoid contact with pregnant women if children are infected
- Ventilate rooms regularly
- Watch out for symptoms in siblings
The infectious disease spreads quickly, especially in early summer when many children are affected at the same time.
What to do if you suspect you are infected with ringworm?
Anyone who suspects that they have a ringworm infection, especially pregnant women, should:
- Contact the attending physician
- Have a blood test carried out (detection of antibodies)
- If positive: check progression, ultrasound examination if necessary
- Avoid contact with risk groups
Particularly important: The rash of ringworm usually only occurs after the risk of infection has passed. Personal protection is therefore particularly important in high-risk phases.
Frequently asked questions about rubella, parvovirus B19 and home help
How long are you contagious after a ringworm infection?
The risk of infection usually exists before the rash becomes visible - i.e. in the first week of illness. After that, the risk decreases significantly.
Can adults also get rubella?
Yes, those who did not have an infection in childhood can catch it later - often with more severe symptoms, especially in women (e.g. joint pain).
How dangerous is parvovirus B19 for the unborn child?
Very dangerous - especially if infected before the 20th week of pregnancy. There is a risk of miscarriage, anemia and other complications.
How is the disease detected?
A blood test will show whether antibodies against the parvovirus are present. In addition, an ultrasound can check the child's condition.
Does health insurance cover the costs of home help?
In many cases, yes - especially for pregnant women with a high-risk pregnancy or in the case of medically prescribed household help.
Conclusion: Knowledge protects - and help relieves
Rubella is more than just a harmless childhood disease. An infection with parvovirus B19 should be taken seriously, especially during pregnancy. Those who recognize symptoms early, know the risks and seek advice will protect themselves and their unborn child.
Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions about household help or specific concerns. Together we will find the right support for your situation.
